What are the primary coffee bean varieties?

The primary coffee bean varieties are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica beans are known for their smooth, complex flavors and aromatic qualities, making up the majority of global coffee production. They typically grow at higher altitudes and require specific climatic conditions, contributing to their nuanced taste profiles.

Robusta beans, on the other hand, are generally stronger and have a more bitter flavor, with higher caffeine content and better resistance to pests and diseases. They are much easier to cultivate, which allows for greater production efficiency, especially in lower altitudes and hotter climates.

The mention of Liberica and Excelsa, while they do exist and contribute unique flavor profiles to the coffee market, are not considered primary varieties when discussing the overall coffee landscape. Additionally, Arabica Supremo is a specific grade of Arabica beans rather than a distinct variety. Therefore, focusing on Arabica and Robusta gives a clearer understanding of the main types of coffee beans that dominate the industry.