What does the term "varietal" mean in coffee?

The term "varietal" in coffee refers to a specific subspecies of coffee beans that have been cultivated for distinct flavors, aromas, and characteristics. Each varietal is influenced by factors such as the region where it is grown, the climate, soil conditions, and the specific cultivation methods used. This means that different varietals can produce a wide range of flavor profiles, allowing coffee drinkers to experience a diverse array of tastes from different beans. Understanding varietals is crucial for coffee enthusiasts and professionals, as it informs tasting notes and cultivation techniques that distinguish one type of coffee from another. This focus on the unique properties of specific subspecies sets varietals apart from blends or brewing methods, which emphasize combinations and preparation rather than the inherent characteristics of individual beans.