What is the purpose of the coffee roasting process?

The primary purpose of the coffee roasting process is to develop flavors and aromas through the application of heat. During roasting, green coffee beans undergo chemical changes that unlock the complex flavors inherent in the beans. As the temperature rises, various reactions occur, including caramelization and the Maillard reaction, which contribute to the sweetness and complexity of the coffee.

Roasting transforms the beans not only in flavor profile but also in color and texture. Light roasting tends to highlight the bean's original characteristics, including acidity and fruity notes, while darker roasts can impart a more robust and bittersweet flavor. The intricate balance of time and temperature during the roasting process allows roasters to create a broad range of flavor profiles, which is integral to the enjoyment of the final brewed coffee.